"Drouth" is an Irishism heard often in Ulysses. It is
the same word as the English "drought," but instead of
referring only to a prolonged period without rain––a condition
of eastern Ireland at the time of the novel––it also applies
to human thirst. This double usage preserves a linguistic
tradition that apparently was once more widespread across the
water.
The Germanic root driug-, which means "dry," came
into the British isles with the Old English words drye, "dry,"
and drugath, "dryness." For some time, it seems,
"drought," "drouth," or "droughth" could refer to parched
throats as well as parched landscapes in England. The OED
cites such uses in Langland's Piers Plowman (1393),
Milton's Paradise Regained (1671), and Browning's De
Gustibus (1855), among other texts. But the dictionary
lists this definition as archaic, limited to regional dialects
in modern usage.
In Ireland, however, the word readily suggests thirst.
Dolan's dictionary of Hiberno-English cites an expression from
County Mayo ("There's such a drouth on me I could drink up the
well"), a line of dialogue in Synge's Playboy of the
Western World ("You might take your death with drouth
and none to heed you"), and another in Bram Stoker's
novel The Snake's Pass ("The house beyant it is a
public, an' sure I know I'm safe there anyhow––if me
dhrouth'll only hould out!").
Joyce's novel contains many references to alcoholic dryness:
Bloom's "Driver in John Long’s. Slaking his drouth" (Lestrygonians);
Mulligan's "drouthy clerics" and "filibustering filibeg
/ That never dared to slake his drouth" (Scylla and
Charybdis); Molly's "God spare his spit for fear hed die
of the drouth" (Penelope). The narrator of Cyclops
thinks of the Citizen's dog as rabid: "his eye all
bloodshot from the drouth is in it and the hydrophobia
dropping out of his jaws."
But the countryside has also been a long time without rain,
and in Calypso Bloom thinks, "No good eggs with
this drouth. Want pure fresh water." In Ithaca
he reflects on the level in Dublin's Vartry reservoir: "from prolonged
summer drouth and daily supply of 12 1/2 million gallons
the water had fallen below the sill of the overflow weir for
which reason the borough surveyor and waterworks engineer, Mr
Spencer Harty, C. E., on the instructions of the waterworks
committee had prohibited the use of municipal water for
purposes other than those of consumption (envisaging the
possibility of recourse being had to the impotable water of
the Grand and Royal canals as in 1893)."
