The buildings and people that Bloom sees on "the dead side of
the street" in Hades are "Under the patronage of
the late Father Mathew" because a statue to that man stands in
the middle of Upper Sackville (O'Connell) Street,
extending its hands in the blessing of alcoholic abstinence.
Gerty MacDowell wishes her father had benefited from the good
father's teaching.
Gareth Collins summarizes the friar's social significance:
"Fr Theobald
Mathew (1790-1856) was a Cork-based Capuchin friar, born in
County Tipperary, who led a great temperance movement
from 1839 to1856. His anti-drink campaign is considered to
have been a great social revolution that saw the
establishment of Temperance Societies in every parish in
the country. At its peak between 1838-1845, it
was estimated that there were 3-4 million abstaining from
drink in Ireland. This high number was aided by the fact that
Fr Mathew appealed to every class and rank in society. In
1843, Fr Mathew went to England and Scotland where he had
further success, and later spent over two years in the US
where he gave the pledge in over 300 towns. He's also
famous for his work during the cholera epidemic of 1832
and The Great Famine. The statue was erected in 1891 by
sculptor Mary Redmond."
Echoes of the temperance movement sound throughout Ulysses—not
surprising when one considers that more than half the
population of Ireland took Father Mathew's "pledge" to abstain
from drink in the 1840s, and people were still taking it in
1904. When Gerty MacDowell thinks of her father's ruinous
alcoholism, she wishes that he might have taken the pledge: "Had
her father only avoided the clutches of the demon drink, by
taking the pledge or those powders the drink habit cured in
Pearson's Weekly, she might now be rolling in her carriage,
second to none." People who took the pledge were
expected to adhere to it for life, by a commitment of will as
absolute as marriage vows.
The pledge movement began in Cork with the establishment of
the Cork Total Abstinence Society in 1838. Another statue to
Father Mathew's memory stands in Cork, on St. Patrick's
Street. It was erected in 1864.
Father Mathew's statue is the last of the monuments to great
men that the funeral carriages pass by in Hades. Later
in the day, Blazes Boylan retraces part of the path followed
by the cortège, traveling north from the quays along Sackville
Street in a jaunting
car toward the Blooms'
house. Sirens mentions his passing many of the
same urban landmarks passed by Bloom in the morning: Gray's
statue, Nelson's
pillar, Elvery's,
Father Mathew, the Rotunda.
