Nursery rhymes dance through Bloom's thoughts throughout the
day, probably reflecting his experience as a devoted parent,
but also suggesting childlike qualities in him, and an
ad-man's propensity for jingles. Some nursery rhymes become
freighted with textual significance, while others play a more
incidental role in the fiction. Thornton identifies two
seemingly slight allusions near the beginning of Calypso,
and does not note a third possibility. Together with a
more substantial allusion later in the chapter, these three
rhymes all involve food.
Bloom watches the cat at her saucer of milk as "She lapped
slower, then licking the saucer clean."
There is probably an echo here of the Jack Sprat ditty from Mother
Goose, the most familiar modern version of which runs:
Jack Sprat could eat no fat;
His wife could eat no lean.
And so between them both, you see,
They licked the platter clean.
In the 16th and 17th centuries the name Jack Sprat was
idiomatic for a short, scrawny man. Bloom is not short, but he
is a bit weak—he has been practicing Sandow's exercises to beef up
his muscles. And Molly does perhaps enjoy luxurious food a
little more than her husband—in Lestrygonians Nosey
Flynn remembers meeting Bloom "with a jar of cream in his hand
taking it home to his better half. She's well nourished, I
tell you. Plovers on toast." Still, it seems a stretch to
apply the nursery rhyme to Joyce's couple.
The same is true of a similar echo several sentences later,
when Bloom thinks about his wife's eating preferences: "Thin
bread and butter she likes in the morning." There
may be an echo here of Little Tommy Tucker, also from Mother
Goose:
Little Tommy Tucker
Sings for his supper.
What shall we give him?
White bread and butter.
How shall he cut it
Without any knife?
How will he be married
Without any wife?
Brown bread sometimes substitutes for white in the rhyme, and
Thornton says that "Though I have not located it in print, I
believe there is a variant reading 'Thin bread and butter.'"
If so, thoughts of eating continue to be inflected through Mother
Goose.
Together with these two allusions noted by Thornton and
Gifford, there are these sentences from the fourth paragraph
of Calypso: "He turned from the tray, lifted the
kettle off the hob and set it sideways on the fire.
It sat there, dull and squat, its spout stuck out."
The second sentence brings to mind the song I'm a Little
Teapot, one version of which goes as follows:
I'm a little teapot,
Short and stout.
Here is my handle,
Here is my spout.
When I get all steamed up
Hear me shout,
Just tip me over
and pour me out!
The song, written by George Harold Sanders and Clarence Z.
Kelley, was published in the United States in 1939, but its
verbal similarities to Bloom's thoughts are close enough to
suggest that it may have been based on an earlier nursery
rhyme.
Later in Calypso A
Song of Sixpence will make repeated appearances.
The theme of eating is present in this rhyme too, but Joyce
uses it to evoke aspects of the sexual dysfunction in the
Blooms' marriage.
